![]() Fault geometry provides vital information for a better understanding of earthquake nucleation and rupture propagation 3. Large strike-slip earthquakes usually involve a complex fault geometry with multi-segment faults and variable strike and dip over the entire rupture zone, e.g., the 2001 M w 7.8 Kunlun 1 and the 2010 M w 7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah 2 earthquakes. This finding warrants confirmation through future underground observation data.These results suggest that strike-slip faulting could occur on unsuitably orientated planes during any seismic event. For the southeast branch, geodetic inversion reveals an overall shallow-dipping (44 ± 5°) faulting, yet further segmentation of the branch in the model and analysis of aftershock mechnism indicate that the dip of the branch faults may vary between vertical and shallow angles. ![]() ![]() On the west side of the epicenter, the fault exhibits north-dipping angles (75–81°), whereas on the east side, it shows sub-vertical angles (82–87°). The fault is predominantly characterized by strike-slip motions with three main geometry irregularities, reflecting the segmented pattern of the earthquake rupture. Here we employed space-based geodetic observations and geological survey, adopting a fully Bayesian approach, to probabilistically estimate the fault geometry of the 2021 M w7.4 Maduo earthquake. Fault geometry is an essential component for understanding earthquake genesis and dynamic rupture propagation.
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