![]() 3 estimated that the net C emissions from tropical deforestation between the years 20 amounted to 0.81 Pg C a −1. ![]() Presenting one of the first assessments based on satellite observations of gross forest cover loss combined with a map of forest C stocks, Harris et al. A major driver of C loss from soils is human land cover change 2, prominent and impactful forms of which are deforestation, agriculture, and surface mining. Consequently, even the release of a small fraction of the soil-bound C into the atmosphere may elevate the level of atmospheric CO 2 and, thereby, accelerate global warming 1. Soils constitute the largest terrestrial carbon (C) pool (~ 1500–2400 Pg C), containing more than the combined amount of C retained in the atmosphere and biosphere 1. Our data suggests that amendments exert considerable influence on SOC sequestration and need to be introduced under careful consideration. ![]() long-term economic gains, food security concerns, and-in case of agriculture-the risk of overintensification leading to losses in SOC. Potentially decisive aspects are short- vs. Given comparable SOC sequestration potentials of forest after topsoil application, agriculture without amendments, and forest without amendments, we recommend to weigh these strategies against each other. Soils analysed to less then 40 cm depth show higher SOC sequestration rates ( 7) offer the most beneficial environment for SOC sequestration at 0.4 Mg ha −1 a −1 and 0.8 Mg ha −1 a −1, respectively (185% and 273% response). Strategy-wise, the highest mean rate of SOC sequestration is achieved by forest after topsoil application (3.9 Mg ha −1 a −1), agriculture after topsoil application (2.3 Mg ha −1 a −1), and agriculture with topsoil and fertiliser application (1.9 Mg ha −1 a −1) with a response ratio of 304%, 281%, and 218%, respectively. We demonstrate that loamy soils sequester twice as much newly introduced SOC than sand. All included climatic regions recorded increases in SOC stocks, with tropical soils showing the highest potential for relative gains at up to 637%. This meta-analysis analyses the effect of varying recultivation strategies on SOC sequestration under different climate and soil conditions (pH, texture, depth) as well as in relation to time, based on 404 data entries from 51 studies. It remains unclear, however, which parameters determine the effectiveness of these varying recultivation strategies especially regarding SOC sequestration. Common strategies include liming, topsoil application, and phytoremediation. Opencast coal mining results in high loss of soil organic carbon (SOC), which may be restored via recultivation.
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